Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Overview, Indications
May 14, 2024
HEALTH,INSIGHTSDreaming of building a family? Ever wished you could give your future children a head start on health? In this guide, we'll crack open the world of PGD, exploring its history and explore everything about it. Buckle up for a deep dive into this fascinating technology!
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a cutting-edge tool in reproductive medicine that analyzes the genes of embryos created through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to check for genetic conditions, helping couples facing the risk of hereditary diseases to pursue a healthy pregnancy.
What is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?
During In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) analyzes the genes of embryos to check for genetic conditions. It's like giving embryos a thumbs up for good health before they're implanted in the womb. This can help couples with a family history of genetic diseases increase their chances of having a healthy baby.
History and Development of PGD
The idea of PGD isn't brand new. Doctors even predicted it back in 1937, along with other advancements in reproductive medicine like IVF. Back then, the main focus was on identifying and avoiding embryos with sex-linked disorders. Over time, PGD has evolved to diagnose a wider range of genetic conditions and improve its overall effectiveness.
How Does PGD Work?
In IVF , doctors use PGD to check embryos for genetic disorders before they implant them in the uterus. Here's how it works:
- Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Collection: The woman takes medication to produce multiple eggs, which are then collected.
- Fertilization: The eggs are fertilized with sperm in a lab dish, usually using a method called Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).
- Embryo Development: The fertilized eggs grow and divide, becoming embryos. After a few days, they reach a stage called blastocyst, which has about 6-8 cells.
- Embryo Biopsy: A small number of cells are taken from each embryo for genetic testing. This is done very carefully to avoid harming the embryo.
- Genetic Testing: The cells from the embryos are tested for genetic disorders or abnormalities. This can include checking for specific genetic mutations or screening for chromosome problems.
- Embryo Selection: Only embryos without the genetic condition or with normal chromosomes are selected for implantation. This increases the chances of a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby.
By using PGD, couples can reduce the risk of passing on certain genetic disorders to their children.
Indications for PGD: Who Can Benefit?
PGD isn't a one-size-fits-all solution, but it can be a powerful tool for couples facing specific challenges. Here's who might benefit most:
- Couples with a Family History of Genetic Diseases: If you and your partner carry a gene for a particular genetic condition, PGD can significantly increase your chances of having a healthy child.
- Recurrent Miscarriages: Repetitive pregnancy losses can be heartbreaking. PGD can help identify embryos with chromosomal anomalies, a potential cause of miscarriage, and improve pregnancy success rates.
- Advanced Maternal Age: As a woman's age increases, the risk of chromosomal anomalies in eggs rises. PGD can be an option for couples where the mother is of advanced maternal age to improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
- Unexplained Infertility: In some cases, infertility might have a genetic component. PGD can help identify embryos with chromosomal anomalies that could be hindering implantation.
- Prior Child with Chromosomal Abnormality: If you've already had a child with a chromosomal , anomaly, PGD can help prevent recurrence in future pregnancies.
Genetic Disorders Screened by PGD
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) can screen for a wide range of genetic disorders, including:
- Single-gene disorders: A mutation in a single gene causes these. Examples include cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease.
- Chromosomal disorders: An abnormal number of chromosomes causes these. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.
- Mitochondrial disorders: Mutations in the DNA of mitochondria, the cell's energy centers, cause these. Examples include Leigh syndrome and MELAS syndrome.
PGD Success Rates
Studies suggest PGD can improve live birth rates, particularly for women over 37. A study published by InVia Fertility indicates a 43% increase in live births for women over 37 undergoing PGD cycles [1].
PGD may also decrease miscarriage rates. The same InVia Fertility study showed a 38% decrease in miscarriage risk for women aged 35-37 undergoing PGD cycles [1].
It's important to note there's no single, definitive success rate for PGD since it depends on individual circumstances. However, some clinics report success rates exceeding 50% for couples with favorable factors [2].
PGD Costs and Popular Countries
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) can be a significant financial investment.
Considering Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)? Wupdoc can simplify your journey. Our platform offers an intuitive interface and a comprehensive database to connect you with leading PGD specialists and clinics around the world.
top 5 doctors & clinics in PGD - Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Turkey:
5.0Turkey, İstanbulFertility
FertiJin IVF Centre, with over 25 years of experience, is dedicated to helping couples realize their dream of having children. Located in Etiler, Istanbul, our clinic offers a range of cutting-edge infertility and IVF treatments. Our team of experienced staff and successful physicians is committed to providing personalized care and support throughout your journey to parenthood.Our state-of-the-art facilities include an IVF unit, an andrology laboratory, and surgical rooms equipped for infertility and IVF treatments. We offer a comprehensive range of services, including artificial insemination, individualized IVF treatment plans, ovulation tracking (ovulation induction), microinjection (ICSI), IMSI, Micro-TESE, hatching with a laser, blastocyst transfer, and embryo freezing. We also provide freezing of sperm and egg, vaccine therapy for lymphocytes, lipid therapy intravenous, Embryoscope monitoring, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, resting uterine, and the method of pooling. Additionally, we offer PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) to ensure the best possible outcomes for you and your future family.
# 1
5.0Turkey, İstanbulFertilityDr. Erbil Yağmur is a skilled specialist in obstetrics and gynecology, dedicated to providing comprehensive reproductive health services. With expertise in IVF treatment, infertility treatment, and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), he offers tailored solutions to help couples achieve their dream of parenthood. Dr. Yağmur also provides vaccination treatment and advanced genetic testing options such as PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis), PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing), and PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening). Committed to patient care and using the latest technology, Dr. Yağmur ensures that each patient receives the highest quality of medical support on their journey to parenthood.
# 2
5.0Turkey, İstanbulFertilityProf. Dr. Remzi Abalı is a highly experienced Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist who graduated from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine in 1999. With a focus on fertility treatments, Prof. Dr. Abalı offers a range of advanced reproductive services including vaccination, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), embryo transfer, and egg freezing. His expertise in fertility solutions helps individuals and couples achieve their dreams of starting a family. Prof. Dr. Abalı utilizes the latest techniques and technologies in reproductive medicine, providing personalized care to ensure the best possible outcomes for his patients. Whether it's fertility preservation or fertility treatments, Prof. Dr. Abalı's comprehensive approach ensures optimal results and patient satisfaction.
# 3
5.0Turkey, AnkaraFertilityAssociate Professor Dr. Cihangir Çakıcı graduated from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in 1983. He worked as a general practitioner at Gazi University Medical Social Department between 1983-1985. He specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the same university from 1985 to 1990.As one of the first physicians in Turkey to hold a specialization certificate in IVF, Dr. Çakıcı remains dedicated to his work in this field. He advocates for natural childbirth unless medically necessary. Dr. Çakıcı has been invited as a speaker to numerous national and international conferences and trainings on IVF, and he is frequently featured on national television for his expertise in the field.His areas of expertise include female infertility, PGD Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, embryo freezing, sperm freezing, and IVF. Dr. Çakıcı's commitment to advancing the field of IVF and his passion for helping couples achieve their dream of having a child make him a respected figure in the field of reproductive medicine.
# 4
5.0Turkey, AntalyaFertilityAntalya IVF offers hope and advanced fertility treatments in the stunning coastal city of Antalya, Turkey. As the first IVF clinic on the south-western Mediterranean coast, Antalya IVF has been a pioneer in assisted reproductive technology since 2000. With a backdrop of picturesque landscapes and the turquoise Mediterranean Sea, Antalya provides a serene setting for your fertility journey.Over 10,000 babies have been born to grateful parents who entrusted their dreams of parenthood to Antalya IVF. The clinic is fully accredited, adhering to the highest international standards with ISO 9001 certification.Antalya IVF's treatment approach is personalized and comprehensive, offering services such as Controlled Ovarian Stimulation, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), and Embryo Cryopreservation. The clinic's expert team guides you through each step, ensuring you are well-informed and supported throughout your journey.
# 5
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